Niroo Research InstituteJournal of Energy and Economic Development2821-20611220220928A Survey of the Global Electricity Trade Network Structure11516232110.30503/jeedev.2022.360245.1017ENLeilaMirtajadiniPhD, Department of Economics, Social Sciences and Economics Faculty, Alzahra University, Tehran, IranShamsollahShirin BakhshAssociate professor, Department of Economics, Social Sciences and Economics Faculty, Alzahra University,Tehran, IranMir HosseinMousaviAssociate professor, Department of Economics, Social Sciences and Economics Faculty, Alzahra University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20220902This study tries to analyse the global electricity trade network by considering nations as nodes and trade among them as links. The data were derived from electricity export and import time series for the period 2010-2018. Network Theory is the basic approach to analyse the relationship between different countries. There are some metrics to scrutinize the global electricity trade network structure; namely node degree, betweenness centrality, cluster coefficient, dominating sets, and link prediction. Also, community detection helps us understand the position of each country in its sub-network. This analysis examines the main players in the electricity trade market. Dominating sets identify a group of nodes that play an active part in facilitating trade. As a result of link prediction analysis, it is very easy to identify missing links in the network. It is a very innovative method of estimating possible links among nodes and predicting the future of trade relations.https://jeedev.nri.ac.ir/article_162321_f11a819f9558721976117ba36d093042.pdfNiroo Research InstituteJournal of Energy and Economic Development2821-20611220220928Stochastic Downside Risk-Constrained Scheduling for a Sustainable Power System163016231110.30503/jeedev.2022.360879.1019ENSeyedeh SoudabehZadsarDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, IranMasoudRashidinejadDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, IranAmirAbdolahiDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, IranSobhanDorahakiDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, IranMohammad RezaSalehizadehDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht,IranJournal Article20220906With the restrictions on non-renewable energy sources and increasing environmental pollution, attention is being drawn to renewable energy sources. But due to the variable nature of these sources, new challenges have been created in the balance between the production and consumption of power systems. An example of a sustainable energy system (SES) in this paper stores wind power with an electrical energy storage system (EESS) and uses a responsive load economic model (RLEM) to cope with the variable nature of wind generation (WG) and demand. First, since wind energy and demand face uncertainties, the Bayesian probabilistic method is applied to produce the scenario tree. Due to the many generated scenarios, the K-Means clustering algorithm is used to select only 5 scenarios. Furthermore, the downside risk constraints (DRC) method is used to measure the risk imposed by stochastic parameters. The proposed strategy is compared with a risk-neutral strategy to investigate DRC implementation. The results are compared in two cases to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed risk evaluation method. In addition, the Pareto front can be used between risk-in-cost (RIC) and the expected operation cost (EOC) to establish an optimal risk strategy in the presence of uncertainties. The results show that the expected operating cost of the system increases slowly while the expected risk-in-cost of the system decreases significantly.https://jeedev.nri.ac.ir/article_162311_288663bfe348ae531ea6e55312d3dfb7.pdfNiroo Research InstituteJournal of Energy and Economic Development2821-20611220220928Electrical Distribution Network Indices Gap Analysis between Iran, the European Union, and the United States314916235310.30503/jeedev.2022.360854.1018ENMohsenArzaniDistribution Networks Department, Monenco Iran Consulting Engineers, Tehran, IranFaramarzGhelichiInfrastructure Division, Monenco Iran Consulting engineers, Tehran, IranSaraNamdarDistribution Networks Department, Monenco Iran Consulting Engineers, Tehran, IranJournal Article20220906<span lang="EN-GB">Globally, most electric power companies are complying with the trend of reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and the detrimental pollution effects of thermal power plants on the atmosphere. Therefore, the future’s electric grid is modelled on a low-carbon or carbon-free grid infrastructure. Moreover, modern electric grid infrastructure mandates that different network sectors evolve with Renewable Energy Resources (RESs) integration. To reach a stable and reliable electric grid, the penetration rate needs to get increased. Using a microgrid (MG) or a smart grid system can help achieve this goal. Additionally, it facilitates the transition from the current dumb electric distribution network to an intelligent grid by leveraging smart assets. These implementations will be a part of the future network once the infrastructure is revolutionized. Furthermore, distribution grid conditions should be monitored regularly to ensure reliable and high-quality power exchange in grid sectors. Measuring different indices in various aspects of the distribution network gives us insight into evaluating the grid condition. By comparing available distribution data and indices on a global scale, a Gap Analysis (GA) can be obtained. It is necessary to design roadmaps, techniques, and solutions to improve distribution grid operation. This paper compares several indices and indicators of Iran's current distribution network to that of the European Union and the United States. Finally, a conclusion is reached.</span>https://jeedev.nri.ac.ir/article_162353_6a9bd39d99e27e8730d9b486f75b7c4f.pdfNiroo Research InstituteJournal of Energy and Economic Development2821-20611220220928Caspian Basin Natural Gas Transfer: A Cooperative Game Theory Approach506616574010.30503/jeedev.2023.363025.1022ENSorooshBaghdadiAllameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20221010This research uses a game theory approach to study the probable scenarios of gas transmission from the Caspian basin to Europe. Due to the growing importance of climate change, the use of natural gas, as the cleanest fossil energy, has been expanded. We first analyse the position of the Caspian basin resources on the world energy market and the current projects. We then develop the most probable scenarios for the next 30 years. We estimate each player's bargaining power using the Shapely value in the most probable scenarios and analyse the outcomes in the context of the international political economy. The results indicate that geopolitics plays a key role in countries’ bargaining power on regional energy markets, followed by their production capacity. The results also show that the southern export route is more economical than the Trans-Caspian pipeline.https://jeedev.nri.ac.ir/article_165740_262f0dbe62f2ec261cb764307c14b8f5.pdfNiroo Research InstituteJournal of Energy and Economic Development2821-20611220220928The Effect of Wealth Funds and Institutional Quality on the Interaction between Oil Price and Economic Growth678516597310.30503/jeedev.2023.360082.1016ENElhamKheirandishPhD in Economics, Institute for Management and Planning studies,Tehran, IranSholehBagheri PormehrAssistant Professor, Khatam University,Tehran, Iran0000-0002-5471-3343Journal Article20220902Fluctuations in natural resource and commodity prices generally cause prosperity and recession cycles in natural resource-rich economies and can lead to irregular growth performance. Therefore, managing financial funds arising from natural resources is among the most significant policy challenges in countries with abundant natural resources. Wealth funds are savings and investment funds with specific purposes that are created by governments to pursue macroeconomic management objectives. Although several decades have passed since the establishment of these funds in different countries, only a few studies have been conducted on their effectiveness and efficiency.<br />This study investigates the effect of wealth funds on the economic growth of 15 major oil-exporting countries, which account for 80% of the world’s net oil exports, using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator for Dynamic Panel Data (DPD) considering institutional quality level. The results indicate that wealth funds positively and significantly impact the correlation between oil prices and economic growth in oil-exporting countries. This also applies to the correlation between oil prices and economic growth in oil-exporting countries with high institutional quality.https://jeedev.nri.ac.ir/article_165973_fb2295a7836679db48461c0816071916.pdfNiroo Research InstituteJournal of Energy and Economic Development2821-20611220220928Steady State price of Iran Capacity Certificate Market869216653610.30503/jeedev.2023.374416.1023ENHassanMardaniInvestment Expert of Office of investment & the water and electricity market regulation, Ministry of Energy, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-2748-0289Mohammad SadeghGhazizadehProfessor, faculty of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheashti University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20221126<span lang="EN-GB">In Iran's electricity market, the energy market (with a price ceiling and ancillary services) and the capacity market are active separately. Meanwhile, the energy market price will cover the annual costs of the Peak-Load Power Plant, including the anniversary of the overhaul cost. The capacity market includes two sub-markets, the Energy Conversion Agreement (ECA) contract and the capacity certificate market, the total price of which should cover the initial investment cost of peak-load power plants. Naturally, over time, as the share of the capacity certificate price increases through competitive bidding, the share of the price of the guaranteed electricity purchase contract will decrease. The question is, if the share of the price of the guaranteed electricity purchase contract reaches zero, or if ECA is deleted, what would the price of the capacity certificate converge to? That is the subject of this paper.</span><br /><span lang="EN-GB">The results indicate that before considering the consumption simultaneity coefficient (=0.4) of consumers' electricity, the long-term Capacity Certificate Price (CCP) should converge to peak-load power plant fixed costs and market excess demand, which evaluates to 1000 USD per kw in 2021.</span>https://jeedev.nri.ac.ir/article_166536_e76b360d9f407dfe2b93a031b06d498a.pdf